Dengue in the integrated management of childhood illness. Dengue infectious diseases merck manuals professional edition. The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, with estimates of 40%50% of the worlds population at risk for the disease in. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. Initial infection with a particular serotype is known as primary infection, which is usually. One dengue fever vaccine, dengvaxia, is currently approved for use in those ages 9 to 45 who live in areas with a high incidence of dengue fever. Burke, evidence that maternal dengue antibodies are important in the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever in infants, american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol.
This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. They may be asymptomatic or may give rise to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf, or dengue shock syndrome. Nov 09, 2012 symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. There are four dengue virus serotypes den14 which are closely related. Impact of dengue virus infection and its control pathogens. National center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact. Mechanism of dengue virus entry into cells revealed. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic.
We describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and dhf, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions southeast asia, western pacific, and the americas. Pdf dengue virus denv infections of humans were long thought to be selflimited. Pathophysiology of severe dengue centers for disease. Dengue fever, an infectious tropical disease caused by a mosquitoborne virus, afflicts millions of people each year, causing fever, headache, muscle and joint pains and a characteristic skin rash. May 18, 2016 dengue part 1 pathophysiology by dr ariff arithra duration. A prospective nested casecontrol study of dengue in infants.
Department of health and human services centers for. Summary much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. The common severe syndromedengue haemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdssis characterised by sudden vascular permeability generated by cytokines released when t cells attack dengueinfected cells. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Pathogenesis of dengue viral infections sri lankan journal of. All can cause syndromes that are selflimited or severe.
These viruses are related to the viruses that cause. Mar 19, 20 clinical manifestations of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever undifferentiated fever classic dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome 14. Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries. Apr 03, 2016 this video aims to describe the mode of replication of dengue virus and the pathophysiology of dengue. Nov 14, 2006 dengue infection is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes. Actually, viral autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous viral infections, such as human. Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011.
Clinical implications and treatment of dengue core. Undifferentiated fevermay be the most common manifestation ofdengueprospective study found that 87% of patientsinfected were either asymptomatic or only mildlysymptomaticother prospective. Dengue fever 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, and rhinorrhea, can occur. Pathophysiology and management of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock.
Although the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of severe dengue infections. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. The clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are explained. Sep 15, 2011 dengue is classified as 1 undifferentiated fever, 2 dengue fever df, and 3 dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf.
Antibodydependent enhancement of disease and severe dengue. Home rish academy best medical education website for. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are increasingly recognized as major public health problems in over 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics. Learn more dengue clinical case management elearning pathophysiology of severe dengue. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. The leading dengue vaccine candidate, chimerivax sanofi pasteur, is a tetravalent formulation of attenuated yellow fever 17d vaccine strains expressing the dengue virus prm and e proteins. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Pdf the pathogenic mechanisms of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome dhfdss.
Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. The affected patients usually present with high fever almost all cases 28 and present a positive tourniquet test. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Pdf immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection researchgate. Rish academy download presentations, books, pdfs, flashcards, mnemonics and thousands of other study materials. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue virus and dengue pathophysiology part 2 youtube. It is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus aedes, which are widely distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of the world see the image below. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock and, in some cases, death. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Clinical manifestations of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever undifferentiated fever classic dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome 14.
Alternate hypothesis on the pathogenesis of dengue. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. Gubler, in tropical infectious diseases third edition, 2011. Feb 16, 2018 if severe, dengue fever can damage the lungs, liver or heart. Approximately 50 million people are infected annually, with 25 000 deaths. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a flavivirus. Dengue is a highly endemic infectious disease of the tropical countries and is rapidly. Denv infection results in a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, the latter of which. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and eventually dengue shock syndrome dss.
Denguehow best to classify it clinical infectious diseases. Successful efforts to eliminate urban yellow fever in the americas by controlling the a. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where. Dengue viral infections postgraduate medical journal.
Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf treatment of dengue fever article pdf available in infection and drug resistance 51. Fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever in adults during a dengue. Annually, 100 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dhf occur worldwide. The world health report 19961 stated, that the reemergence of infectious diseases is a warning that progress achieved so far towards global security in health and. Common name of the disease is breakbone fever haddi tod bukhar hdi taod baukar. Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. Ninety percent of dhf subjects are children less than 15 years of age. Dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock.
Dengue infection is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a critical need for adequate tropism assays, animal models, and human autopsy data. Dengue virus infection has been counted among emerging and reemerging diseases because of 1 the increasing number of patients, 2 the expansion of epidemic areas, and 3 the appearance of severe clinical manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss, which is often fatal if not properly treated. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a. Generally, most dengue infections are classified as simple dengue fever. Attempts to explain the pathogenesis of dengue in all its complexity must consider all the clinical, immunological. As the disease spreads to new geographical areas, the frequency of the outbreaks is increasing. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. May 03, 2019 the first dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in the americas occurred in cuba in 1981 and involved serotype 2 dengue denv2, with hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue in both children and adults, 24,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, 10,000 cases of dengue shock syndrome, and 158 reported deaths.
Pdf autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection. Pdf dengue virus infection causes dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. The infection causes flulike illness, and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. In addition to fever and at least 2 clinical findings, diagnosis of df requires epidemiological or laboratory evidence supporting a dengue virus infection. We propose a new hypothesis for the immunopathogenesis for dengue virus infection. The four dengue viruses are transmitted in tropical countries that circle the globe. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue fever usually results in abrupt onset of high fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, and generalized lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that appears with a 2nd temperature rise after an afebrile period. Pdf dengue virus denv infections of humans were long thought to be self limited. They belong to the genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae of which yellow fever virus is the type species, which contains approximately 53 viruses. Progress towards understanding the pathogenesis of dengue. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration.